Essay on Cognitive Science and Its Link to Artificial...

Cognitive Science and Its Link to Artificial Intelligence In recent years, researchers in the field of psychology have turned their collective attention to the developing field of cognition. The term comes from the Latin word cognoscere, meaning â€Å"to come to know†, and today is defined by the Merriam-Webster dictionary as â€Å"the act or process of knowing, including both awareness and judgment†. Cognitive psychology seeks to identify and examine the elements composing human intelligence. This includes the study of human learning or intellectual development, problem solving, memory, the human language, and the processing and comprehension of information. These functions are often taken for granted as part of human existence. Yet,†¦show more content†¦A world without language seems inconceivable. But how is language connected to our thoughts? A central controversy in linguistics surrounds the relationship between our language and our thoughts. Does thought determine language, or does language determine tho ught? To analyze this question, linguists have first examined the structure of human language. Language can be broken down into several layers of linguistic elements. Phonetics is the most elementary. Phones are the sounds produced by the human articulatory system. All humans can articulate the same set of phones, but languages differ in their individual use of this set. [1] The two main categories of phones are consonants and vowels. These phones differ greatly in the place of articulation a human makes in producing them, as well as manner of articulation, tongue height and tongue position. Phonetics leads to phonology, which specifies how different phonetic sounds produce word differentiation. A phoneme is a collection of similar sounding phones that are perceived by the human ear as a single distinctive sound in the language. These units of speech are then combined into meaning with morphology. A morpheme is a word that cannot be broken down into a smaller word or unit. Morphemes can be free (an independent word such as â€Å"bird† or â€Å"leg†), or bound. Bound morphemes are dependent upon free morphemes for standing in a language (such as prefixes likeShow MoreRelatedDefinition : Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence )1099 Words   |  5 PagesDefinition (intelligence, Artificial Intelligence) American psychologist Lewis M. Terman and Edward L. Thorndike differed over the definition of intelligence, Terman stressing the ability to think abstractly and Thorndike emphasizing learning and the ability to give good responses to questions. More recently, however, psychologists have generally agreed that adaptation to the environment is the key to understanding both what intelligence is and what it does. Effective adaptation draws upon a numberRead MoreComputer Science And Artificial Intelligence1712 Words   |  7 PagesComputer Science Computer science can be defined as a many number of technological variables, but is primarily defined as the science and processes of information processing in computer hardware and software, as well as its applications within. Computer science is comprised of many aspects that form a larger whole, that take a practical and theoretical approach to the capabilities of computers and how they process input and output information. With computers being conceived as early as the 1830’sRead MoreHow The Society Values Computer Technology1716 Words   |  7 PagesNS160014. Computer and the Society How the Society values Computer Technology Question: Google SDK/Artificial-Intelligence: Is it Good or bad? Table of Content 1.0 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦1 1.1 My theory†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 1.2 Respondents opinions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦5 2.0 Summary and Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..10 Figures Fig 1.2.0 Do you interact with artificial intelligent systems? ........................................5 Fig 1.2.1 is it possible for human thinkingRead MoreArtificial Intelligence Concepts : The Future Of AI1711 Words   |  7 Pagessupporter of symbol manipulation. Mr. Skep Ticks is a skeptic of the aforementioned concepts and believes that AIs cannot be intelligent. Intelligence, he believes, can only be simulated by systems but not created. Having all of you seated in front of me brings about the unique opportunity to ask if either of you believe that a machine can achieve intelligence. Ayala: In order to answer this question, one must have a bit of some context information. For example, what is good old-fashioned AI? WhatRead MoreEvolution of Cognitive Psychology1105 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: EVOLUTION OF COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY PAPER Evolution of Cognitive Psychology PSYCH 560 Latrice T. Colbert Julie Bruno, Psy.D September 6, 2010 Cognition is a term referring to the mental processes involved in gaining knowledge and comprehension, including thinking, knowing, remembering, judging and problem-solving. 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Humanism and existentialism Humanistic psychology was developed in the 1950s in reaction to both behaviorism and psychoanalysis. By using phenomenology, intersubjectivity and first-person categories, the humanistic approach seeks to glimpse the whole person--not just the fragmented parts of the personality or cognitive functioning. Humanism focuses on uniquely human issues and fundamental issuesRead MoreCatherine Malasa2300 Words   |  10 PagesCHRESO UNIVERSITY DISTANCE EDUCATION NAME OF SCHOOL: FACULTY OFBUSINESS, HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT: SOCIAL SCIENCES COMPUTER NO: PROGRAM: BARCHELAR of SCIENCE IN ECONOMICS COURSE CODE: PSY 501 LECTURER: SIKABELE CHIKUBA STUDENT: CATHERINE MALASA SEMESTER: 1ST SEMESTER 1ST YEAR ASSIGNMENT: NO 1 DUE DATE:Read More The Role of Connecting Unrelated Events in Developing Intelligence2420 Words   |  10 PagesOn the Shoulders of Giants: The Role of Connections in Developing Intelligence Abstract This paper provides motivation for making connections between unrelated events as a basis for intelligence. The ability to apply this extended information as a problem-solving technique instantiates the true nature of intelligence. Therefore, it is obvious the field of artificial intelligence should use the same approach. The way these connections are made and the occasional necessity for their modificationRead MoreKnowledge Management and Organization Behaviour8403 Words   |  34 Pagesindividuals and how individuals in turn influence organizations. Organizational behaviour is an inter-disciplinary field that draws freely from a number of the behavioural sciences, including anthropology, psychology, sociology, and many others. The unique mission of organizational behaviour is to apply the concepts of behavioural sciences to the pressing problems of management, and, more generally, to administrative theory and practice. The quest for technologies with strategic value for the organi zation

Employee Selection and Training Essay - 792 Words

Employment Selection and Training and Development Programs HRM/420 July 2, 2012 Travis King Employment Selection and Training and Development Programs Employers face many risks in association with selection processes. Organizations must ensure that statements, overtures, and advertisements are not suspect, and its selection process is free of discrimination (Moran, 2008). There should be no references to age in the selection process, or any use of terms such as, high school student, college student, recent college graduate, boy, girl, or any terms pertaining to age in the company’s advertisement of a job description (Moran, 2008). The use of preference in advertisements in reference†¦show more content†¦The strategy the firm currently uses increases the risk to the company by dismissing other qualified applicants without justifiable reason. The law firm is recruiting a selected group which put the firm at risk of violating Title VII, the Equal Employment Opportunity Act, excluding a selected class of qualified individuals. An alternative to the firmâ⠂¬â„¢s current selection process could include using more resources to recruit qualified applicants, including Internet, newspapers, and the colleges to attract a diverse group of candidates and to minimize or risks of discrimination. This process may also attract candidates whom are a better fit within the organization because the firm’s recruiting process is no longer limiting the firm to a selective group. In the last selection process, Excelsior Bank requires every new applicant to take a test, scoring the applicant on his or her psychological profile to determine whether to hire the applicant or not. The sole purpose of this test is to see if the applicant works well under pressure as a determining factor of whether the applicant is right for the job or not. Excelsior Bank did not hire Susan Morgan, who was otherwise qualified for the job because she made a low score on the test. Susan is accusing Excelsior Bank of using the test to discriminate against minorities because the test is notShow MoreRelatedEmployee Selections and Training Paper1809 Words   |  8 PagesEmployee Selection and Training The following paper will cover three real world examples of how organizations have used industrial/ organizational psychology to select and train employees. These examples are human resource departments with companies, and more specifically, Taco Bell and McDonald’s. There will be a discussion of methods used to measure the levels of success of each training program. Lastly there will be a discussion of any legal and or ethical concerns that may arise in the implementationRead MoreEmployee Testing and Selection, Training and Development Essay536 Words   |  3 Pagesexample, the practice of depending on employee referrals as a source of job applicants tends to produce job hunters who will be similar to current employees. Once the process of recruiting has developed a pool of job seekers, the next step in the process of human resource management is to decide who is the best qualified for the position. Processing an applicant for a position needs a series of steps and divergent firms will have different processes for selection. Most organizations will judge theRead MoreHuman Resource Management Summary Paper1632 Words   |  7 Pageshuman resource department. Some of the more important functions of the human resource department are recruiting, training, performance evaluation, and employee motivation. In addition, the human resource department may provide services that improve an organizations communication and workplace safety. One of the largest roles of the HR department is personnel recruiting and training. The HR managers develop plans and strategies for finding and hiring the right people for the organization. TheseRead MoreHuman Resources And Human Resource Management1679 Words   |  7 Pagesat their fingertips. So vendors keep focusing on technology to make things simpler and faster for the applicant and the recruiter. E-Selection Now that we have an understanding of e-recruiting and how it has changed Human Resources and the way they do business. We can talk about e-selection and what it does for a Human Resources department. Most people see e-selection as the perfect online tool for selecting an applicant for a certain position in an organization. [â€Å"A sophisticated web-based applicationRead MorePersonal Protective Equipment ( Ppe ) Program Project1663 Words   |  7 Pagespresent, we will as far as it is reasonably practicable remove or eliminate the hazards or exposure through engineering control. Where this is not feasible, we will select the type of PPE that will protect the employee, require that the PPE is used by the employee and communicate the selection decision to the employees. The purpose of this PPE program is to protect our employees by ensuring that the workers are trained on the use, and maintenance of the appropriate PPE. We will ensure that the PPERead MoreHuman Resource - Escape to the Wild1638 Words   |  7 PagesFINDINGS 1. 4 HR Activities Employee Relations When good employee relations are in place they can help to maintain a happy and motivated workforce. This function will be responsible for putting company policies and procedures in place regarding grievance/discipline, recruitment and selection, employee welfare, training and development, absence management/reporting and negotiating terms and conditions. Doing this will minimise conflict, ensure staff are treated fairly and creates rules thatRead MoreHr Assessment 2 Escape to the Wild1695 Words   |  7 PagesRecruitment Selection The purpose of recruitment and selection is to reduce the risk of poor selection and attract well qualified candidates to the job. Systematic planning and preparation will increase the likelihood of employing the right person for the job. Recruitment and selection is crucial to the organisations success and selection techniques such as psychological tests, practical tests and numeracy tests can be used to determine the best candidate for the job. Recruitment and selection activitiesRead MoreHuman Resources Management– Case Study1421 Words   |  6 Pagesmanagement refers to a series of human resources policies and the corresponding management activities. These activities include corporate human resources strategy, employee recruitment and selection, training and development, performance management, compensation management, staff flow management, employee relationship management, employee safety and health management, etc. Namely: enterprise modern management method, is used to obtain (candidate), human resource development (education), maintain (retention)Read MoreThe Importance Of Managing The Challenges Of Recruitment And Selection Process Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Challenges Recruitment and Selection It is important to manage the recruitment and selection process because when an organisation hires the right person who has the right skills and competencies to the job it reduces turnover. Having interviews and reference checks to ensure that the organisation employs a candidate who is reliable and carries out the objectives you planned for providing good quality work. The main objective of the recruitment and selection process is for an organisation toRead MoreBarclays Bank Five Forces Analysi of Porter1132 Words   |  5 Pagesand selection * Training and development * Motivation and rewards * Discipline and grievances * Diversity * Performance * RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION OF EMPLOYEES * Recruitment is concerned with inviting potential candidates to apply for a vacancy in an organisation. * Selection is concerned with choosing the most suitable of qualified candidates or applicant to fill the vacancy. * THE RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PROCESS; The recruitment and selection process

Essay for Consequentialist and Deontology-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Write about theEssayfor Objectivist, Consequentialist and Deontology. Answer: Professional Code of ethics in ICT for IT professionals helps to fill the gaps in the rules and regulations and help them to conduct business in an ethical manner (Brady 2014). These codes act as guiding principles for the IT professionals. These ethics are widened and that are more than human beings, their intentions, actions and characters. It includes rights, virtue, relativist, objectivist, consequentialist and Deontology. These professional codes of ethics explain the ethical considerations that are required for IT professionals to work ethically. They are important for the ICT industry and therefore, the following essay deals with the explanation of the theories and their relation to the professional code of ethics and practice in ICT industry. Rights in the ethical theory states that the rights established by the society must be protected on highest priority. These rights are considered to be ethically valid and correct as they are being endorsed by a large section of population. A major complication of this theory on larger scale is the members of the society who are designing this ethical theory of rights must try to decipher the characteristics of rights in the society. The characteristics of the rights can only be framed based on the society goals and their ethical priorities (Ruggie 2013) The ethical theory of Virtue judge a person on the basis of his or her character and not by the action that may at times deviate from the his or her normal behaviour. Thus the ethical theory of virtue or the Virtue theory is a particular approach of ethics that gives immense importance on an individuals character. It considers the individuals character as one of the key element in thinking rather than rules about the acts of themselves (Deontology) or their consequences (Consequentialism). There are three main domains of the Virtue Ethics Eudaimonism: It is the classical formulation of Virtue Ethics. Eudaimonism deals with happiness, well-being and good life and the virtue of good life is practice of goodness and well being for achieving practical wisdom and this will resolve the associated dilemmas and other conflicts. Ethics of Care: It emphasises the importance of solidarity, community and relationships rather than focusing of the universal standards and impartiality. Agent Based Theories: It is based on the virtue of the common sense intuitions (Russell 2013). As per the ethics of rights, one person may allow his or her friend to borrow the laptop for a certain span of time and the friends who has imparted the ability of borrowing the laptop has the right over the laptop up to the afternoon only. On the other hand, the ethics of virtue preach that if a person has written a plagiarised algorithm and were later detect by a peer, the peer who knows the person inside out will judge this act of copy right issue accordingly. If the plagiariser normally abide by the copyright rule and has a good reputation among friends then the peer will be able to judge the plagiariser more leniently. Perhaps the software developer found guilty in this case has to work late at night and has mistakenly overlooked to credit the source appropriately (Donnelly 2013). In Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Industry the ethics of rights states that the one must observe a highest degree of transparency and professionalism while dealing with the client. The company gas given the authority to client to avail the service of the company and now the said employees of the ICT industry is bound to abide by the right of privilege given by the company to the client. The employees must respect the individual differences and diversity while maintaining the confidentiality of the client. In the domain of ethics of virtue, the ICT Company consider a persons previous performance before judging him or her the basis the action committed for a particular day (Durkheim 2013). The connection between the code and the theories states that the if a person is given some right or the privilege to enjoy something then he or she has the full right to enjoy the same but that too within the stipulated deadline only. On the other hand the ethics of virtue states that if the a person shall never be judged on the basis of a particular act of negligence committed for the first time. The judging is based on consideration of his or her future performance. Relativism is a particular view that states that the moral principles are being driven by the culture (conventionalism) or by the mindset of the individual (subjectivism). Since different culture nurture different principles, one particular culture has no right to judge the morals of the other culture. Thus relativism states that the moral principals are valid but vary from culture to culture (Quintelier and Fessler 2012). Objectivism states that moral principles are valid for all individuals and cultures however; there are different levels of objectivism (Bjrnsson 2012). Ethical relativism rejects the idea of universal morality. The moral principles according to the concept of relativism are contextual, depending on the individual or the society. If the concept of subjectivism holds true, then the law and the court will have nothing to do as because the only standards by which a person can be judged is by his own. However, there lies a criticism above this argument for example slaveholders were dominant in the cultures and as per their culture holding slaves was right. On the other hand, as per the objectivism, the views that are universal are valid for all the people for all times (Workman 2012). The personal code of ethics as per the ICT industry on the light of relativism states that what is right or wrong depends on the mindset of that particular individual. This claims that the opinions, which are being generated by different persons, vary substantially depending on the subjectivism and conventionalism. On the other hand, the ethics of objectivism states that moral facts are not personal, rather physical and does not depends on what a particular person thinks about it. The objectivism theory is further subdivided into to domain Duty Based Theories (or Deontological Theories): What is morally right or wrong depends on the kind of act Consequentialist Theories (or Teleological Theories: What is morally right of wrong depends on the surrounding environment and the consequences (Durkheim 2013). The connection between the codes and the theories lies in the fact that the if a person is doing something wrong, he or she will be judged on the basis of the surrounding consequences that have compelled him or her to perform such acts. (Teleological/Objectivism) will be judged based on his or her mindset where his or her, upbringing, culture and the point of thought will be taken in consideration (relativism). The consequentialist vs deontology is dominant theories in the contemporary normative ethics. These are dominant theories that are relevant to the ICT industry and act as guiding principle for the IT professionals. Deontology as explained by Immanuel Kant states that rightness is determined by rightness of the act rather than its outcomes (Stahl et al. 2014). On the other hand, consequentialism explains that one might sacrifice innocent for the greater good. For example, while solving an ethical question, consequentialism states that one might have to sacrifice the innocent for the good whereas, deontology forbid one to act on the grounds that it violates the rights of the innocent person and violates his or her moral constraint. Consequentialism gives more importance to the results rather than action. Moreover, it focuses on the fact that best outcomes mean best action (Burmeister et al. 2014). On a contrary, deontology and virtue ethics completely rejects consequentialism and focus es on actions rather than outcomes. If actions were justified, hence the best outcomes would be achieved. This is the major difference between deontology, virtue vs consequentialism in code of ethics. For example, deontology solves an ethical question on the basis that whether he has broken the moral values and consequentialism would condemn the convict based on his actions that has caused real harm. A major criticism on consequentialism explains that it is not bothered by intentions or motivations, as an action done with the best intention is considered morally wrong if the results are sour. Conversely, a deontologist favors the sinister intentional acts if it is morally right and brings positive outcomes. Consequentialism is criticized in a way where it is judged on actions that are already being performed and results are out rather than explaining that right action is that one ought to do (Himma and Bottis 2014). Conversely, deontological accounts for the moral values like virtue ethics on the persons character, however, in ICT, Hon Michael Kirby points out those ICT professionals who work outside these external regulations helps to maximize the benefit to the society (Weckert and Lucas 2013). While solving problems, deontology ethics is concerned with good outcomes that pose ethical problems. It is concerned with the persons outcomes against the imperative or some duty. In IC T, it is the principle guiding rule or the IT professionals. According to Kant, it is the fundamental ethical rule to respect ones dignity being a categorical imperative. Concisely, the ethical model of deontology states that in ICT, it is important for IT professionals to follow moral absolutes bounded to rules where moral decisions should be taken based on rights of others and ones duty. In this era of ICT, inventions have both negative and positive impacts on the society. Therefore, professional code of ethics is designed to explain the actions of IT professionals in the ICT industry. The ethics of right and ethics of virtue provides benefit to the person for whom the right has been designed and judge the person based on future performance. The ethics of objectivism propose to judge a person based on the surrounding consequence and relativism judge the person from point of upbringing, culture and mindset. The ethics of virtue measures action on a set of virtues to explain that are these actions being intended by virtues or not. On a contrary, the right ethics explains that it is the innate ability of a human being to judge actions based on right and wrong that cannot be same for all human beings. The virtue ethics aligns with deontology and rejects consequentialism strongly. Relativism ethics explains that moral principles are considered valid, however vary in diffe rent culture, therefore, the question is how a person can be judged as argued by Ruth Benedict, the conventionalist (Floridi 2013). On the other hand, objectivism holds the viewpoint that although moral principles vary in different cultures, certain moral values are valid for all cultures and individuals. References Bjrnsson, G., 2012. Do objectivistfeatures of moral discourse and thinking support moral objectivism?.The Journal of ethics,16(4), pp.367-393. Brady, D., 2014. Ethics: IT Professional Pillar or Pillory!.Mondo Digitale, p.2. Burmeister, O., Al-Saggaf, Y., Schwartz, M. and Johnson, L., 2014. Internet resources to help Australian ICT professionals identify and solve ethical challenges. ACIS. Donnelly, J., 2013.Universal human rights in theory and practice. Cornell University Press. Durkheim, E., 2013.Professional ethics and civic morals. Routledge. Floridi, L., 2013.The ethics of information. Oxford University Press. Himma, K. and Bottis, M., 2014. The Digital Divide: Information Technologies and the Obligation to Alleviate Poverty. InEthics and Emerging Technologies(pp. 333-346). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Quintelier, K.J. and Fessler, D.M., 2012. Varying versions of moral relativism: the philosophy and psychology of normative relativism.Biology Philosophy,27(1), pp.95-113. Ruggie, J.G., 2013.Just Business: Multinational Corporations and Human Rights (Norton Global Ethics Series). WW Norton Company. Russell, D.C. ed., 2013.The Cambridge companion to virtue ethics. Cambridge University Press. Stahl, B.C., Eden, G., Jirotka, M. and Coeckelbergh, M., 2014. From computer ethics to responsible research and innovation in ICT: The transition of reference discourses informing ethics-related research in information systems.Information Management,51(6), pp.810-818. Weckert, J. and Lucas, R., 2013.Professionalism in the information and communication technology industry. ANU Press. Workman, M., 2012. Rash impulsivity, vengefulness, virtual-self and amplification of ethical relativism on cyber-smearing against corporations.Computers in Human Behavior,28(1), pp.217-225.

Television Essay Example For Students

Television Essay TelevisionThe start of the television market all began in 1897 by K.F. Braun. Heinvented the cathode ray tube which would become the screen of most televisionsets. In 1925 C. Francis Jankins had used some ideas from a Scottish engineer,A. A. Campbell, to create images on the screens. The United States navy usedthis new technology to transfer images back and forth to its ships. In 1929 David Sarnoff invested $50 million dollars into the developmentof television sets. In 1935 Sarnoff committed RCA to the development oftelevision sets. Several networks had to begun to form in Europe such as theBritish Broadcasting Corporation which provided the first television service. We will write a custom essay on Television specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Programs were only shown for 3 hours per day. During the next year the unitedstates set up eleven television stations. RCA demonstrated a television set atthe New York Worlds Fair were Franklin D. Roosevelt spoke before a camerabecoming the first president to appear on television. In 1940 the Colombian Broadcast company demonstrated its example ofcolor television. World War II brought the development of television to a standstill. All materials had to go to the war effort. At the end of the war NBCmade the first made for television movie. During the time between 1946 and 1951 the radio market was over taken bythe demand for televisions. Over 3 million sets had been sold by 1951. 1950s were the beginning of the color broadcast. They were done atnight during the week days. In 1957 the first newscast was taped on videocassette changing the way television shows would be produced forever. In 1957Public Television was formed. Since then color television has been reinvented but still remains colortelevision. Music and Movies

Gun Control vs. Gun Rights essays

Gun Control vs. Gun Rights essays Since the days of the pioneers of the United States, firearms have been part of the American tradition as protection and a means of hunting or sport. As we near the end of the 20th century the use of guns has changed significantly. Because of fast and steady increase in crime and the fight for the right to own a hand gun, the introduction of legislation for gun control, to try to reduce the crime in the United States, has been a hotly debated issue in recent years. Although many people feel that gun control violates the right of the people, given in the second amendment "the right to bear arms", controlling distribution and sales and the registration of guns and gun owners is necessary because of the homicide rate involving guns and the violence by Many people feel that gun control violates the right of the people given in the second amendment the right "to bear arms". Opponents of gun control, including the National Rifle Association, better known as the NRA, argue that the "right To bear arms" is guaranteed in the second amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America and licensing restrictions penalize law-abiding citizens while in no way preventing criminal use of handguns. It is also argued that by making it difficult for guns to be bought and registered for the American public there is a threat to the personal safety of American families everywhere. However controlling the sale and distribution of firearms is necessary because of the homicide rate involving guns. In 1988 there were 9000 handgun related murders in America. Metropolitan centers and some suburban communities of America are setting new records for homicides by handguns. Larger Metropolitan centers have ten times the murder rate of all Western Europe. For example in Washington,D.C. there was an estimated 400 In addition gun control has been seen ...

The Surprising History of Black People in Germany

The Surprising History of Black People in Germany The German census does not poll residents on race, following World War II, so there is no definitive number of the population of black people in Germany. One report  by  the European Commission against Racism and Intolerance  estimates there are 200,000 to 300,000 black people living in Germany, although other sources guess that number is higher, upwards of 800,000.   Regardless of the specific numbers, which dont exist, black people are a minority in Germany, but they still are present and have played an important role in the countrys  history.  In Germany, black people are typically referred to as Afro-Germans (Afrodeutsche) or black Germans (Schwarze  Deutsche).   Early History Some historians claim that the first, sizable influx of Africans came to Germany from Germanys African colonies in the 19th century. Some black people living in Germany today can claim ancestry dating back five generations to that time. Yet Prussias colonial pursuits in Africa were quite limited and brief (from 1890 to 1918), and far more modest than the British,  Dutch and French powers. Prussias South West African colony was the site of the first mass genocide committed by Germans in the 20th century. In 1904, German colonial troops countered a revolt with the massacre of three-quarters of the Herero population in what is now Namibia. It took Germany a full century to issue a formal apology to the Herero for that atrocity, which was provoked by a German extermination order (Vernichtungsbefehl). Germany still refuses to pay any compensation to the Herero survivors, although it does provide foreign aid to Namibia.   Black Germans Prior to World War II After World War I, more blacks, mostly French Senegalese soldiers or their offspring, ended up in the Rhineland region and other parts of Germany. Estimates vary, but by the 1920s, there were about 10,000 to 25,000 black people  in Germany, most of them in Berlin or other metropolitan areas. Until the Nazis came to power, black musicians and other entertainers were a popular element of the nightlife scene in Berlin and other large cities. Jazz, later denigrated as Negermusik (Negro music) by the Nazis, was made popular in Germany and Europe by black musicians, many from the U.S., who found life in Europe more liberating than that back home. Josephine Baker in France is one prominent example. Both the American writer and civil rights activist W.E.B. du Bois and the suffragist Mary Church Terrell studied at the university in Berlin. They later wrote that they experienced far less discrimination in Germany than they had in the U.S. The Nazis and theBlack Holocaust When Adolf Hitler came to power in 1932, the racist policies of the Nazis impacted other groups besides the Jews. The Nazis racial purity laws also targeted gypsies (Roma), homosexuals, people with mental disabilities  and black people. Precisely how many black Germans died in Nazi  concentration camps  is not known, but estimates put the figure at between 25,000 and 50,000. The relatively low numbers of black people in Germany, their wide dispersal across the country and the Nazis focus on the Jews were some factors that made it possible for many black Germans to survive the war.   African Americans in Germany The next influx of black people to Germany came in the wake of World War II when many African-American GIs were stationed in Germany.   In Colin Powells  autobiography My American Journey, he  wrote  of  his tour of duty in West Germany in 1958 that for ... black GIs, especially those out of the South, Germany was a breath of freedom -   they could go where they wanted, eat where they wanted and date whom they wanted, just like other people. The dollar was strong, the beer good, and the German people friendly. But not all Germans were as tolerant as in Powells experience. In many  cases, there was resentment of the black GIs having relationships with white German women. The children of German women and black GIs in Germany were called occupation children† (Besatzungskinder) - or worse.  Mischlingskind  (half-breed/mongrel child) was one of the least offensive terms used for half-black children in the 1950s and 60s.   More About the Term 'Afrodeutsche' German-born blacks are sometimes called Afrodeutsche (Afro-Germans)  but the term is still not widely used by the general public. This category includes people of African heritage born in Germany. In some cases, only one parent is black But just being born in Germany does not make you a German citizen. (Unlike many other countries, German citizenship is based on the citizenship of your parents and is passed on by blood.) This means that black people born in Germany, who grew up there and speak fluent German, are not German citizens unless they have at least one German parent. However, in 2000, a new German naturalization law made it possible for black people and other foreigners to apply for citizenship after living in Germany for three to eight years. In the 1986 book, Farbe Bekennen  -   Afrodeutsche Frauen auf den Spuren Ihrer Geschichte, authors May Ayim  and  Katharina Oguntoye  opened up a debate about being black in Germany. Although the book dealt primarily with black women in German society, it introduced the term Afro-German into the German language  (borrowed from Afro-American or African American) and also sparked the founding of a support group for blacks in Germany, the ISD (Initiative Schwarzer Deutscher).

Research Methods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Research Methods - Assignment Example The research is divided into various topics that clearly explain each theme that the research is based on. Firstly, it focuses on various causes of absenteeism in schools. In this the roles of parents, teachers and the community at large of ensuring that students are always in schools are analyzed. Secondly, the article gives a connection between the absenteeism and exam failure. In this case, the essay explains in depth how school work accumulated up to a level that the student can no longer catch up with other students. Lastly, the study highlights the kind of life that the student lives once they clear school. In this case, the essay demonstrates how the student fails to fit well into the community. According to the research, the student will end being not very useful to the society should measures to restore them are not considered. The intention of this study was to probe the effect of constant communication on the general performance of online modules. The article makes an argument around the worth of effective communication in online units and the rationale of the achievement a scholar experiences when they succeed in an online course. The purpose the research is to find justification, to some aforementioned interests. Accordingly, the researcher was conducted in eight week through the analysis of students of an online module. This investigation incorporated the following strategy to observe classroom activity and online communication amongst student’s geographical location, maturity and cultural diversity are the most imperative fundamental dynamics. Additionally, the considerable statistics gathered by Mouffe, (2013) in their study describe the prospective consequences of failures and success was predictable. The research paper is divided into two parts; the first part investigates extent of the relationship between tutors and online students. In this the paper finds out various channels and