Assessment on Communication Skills in the Area of Speaking and Writing Essay

People talk face to face, and they listen to each other. They write emails and reports and read the documents that are sent to them Human beings are communicating. In both decoding and encoding messages, people spend almost 70% of communication time as speakers. (Jaime Gutierrez-Ang 2009). Communication is two way process by which information is exchanged between or among individuals through a common system of symbols, science and behavior (Martinez 1) Being a two way process, communication occurs in a orderly and systematic sequence wherein human beings are able to see and hear what transpires in their environment. As a process, communication is dynamic, adaptive and continuous. Being a survival mechanism, communication helps us develop to be unique persons, relating and cooperating with others. It satisfies our physical, ego, social and practical needs. It is indeed essential in life. (Mely M. Padilla et.al 2003) Speaking and writing are skills that have similarities. Both require the use of language symbols to express needs and feelings, they are both governed by the rules of semantics and syntax. Both are also expected to achieve communicative purpose- a degree of understanding, common knowledge and shared expectations. In speech, we monitor what we say by listening to the revised or connected ideas, while in writing, we monitor what we write by reading and rereading. Furthermore, the speaker and the writer should be able to determine how simple or complex and formal the statements should be. But there are differences in speaking and writing too. Writing differs in speech in several ways. According to Vygotsky ,e.f Hughey 1983, composing a written discourse is a â€Å"separate linguistic function differing from oral speech in both structure and mode of functioning. Even its minimal development requires a high level of abstraction†. Writing is significantly different from speaking because writing requires a more complex and difficult discourse. (Saymo, 2004.) In reflecting upon and surfing out communication skills, then think of communication as ways and means of gathering and relying information, and think of information as what there is to be gathered by any means that is consider the widest range of writing and speaking as you consider your communication skills. In relevance to the Department of College of Education, Communication skills of the students have to be enhanced. The researchers encouraged the department that through Speech Laboratory to measure the speaking skills of the students as well as the writing skills where in the teachers can identify where the strength of the students and of the their weaknesses are in the components communication skills in the area of speaking and writing. It is also an instrument to detect students’ potential in speech so that it can be developed and can be a product of the department in the area of speaking and writing. The researchers look forward for the program that can be developed based on the results of the study. It will be a universal program for the teachers to have the better and effective instructional materials. The researchers foresee the unbiased treatment of the teachers towards the students through the help of universal program. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM This study aims to determine the levels of communication skills of BEED Gen.Ed freshmen students of Carlos Hilado Memorial State College for the first semester academic year 2013-2014 as Basis for Program Development. Specifically, it will aim to answer the following specific questions. 1. What are the levels of Communication Skills of BEED Gen. Ed freshmen students in the area of speaking and writing when they are grouped according to: a) School Graduated b) Mental Ability c) Parents’ Educational Attainment 2. What are the difficulties in the components of Communication Skills of BEED Gen. Ed freshmen students when they are grouped according to: a) School Graduated b) Mental Ability c) Parents’ Educational Attainment 3. Is there a significant difference on the level of communication skills in the area of speaking and writing when they are compared according to: a) School Graduated b) Mental Ability c) Parents’ Educational Attainment 4. Based on the results, what program should be developed? HYPOTHESIS There is no significant difference on the level of communication skills of BEED Gen. Ed. freshmen students in the area of speaking and writing when they compared according to where school they graduated, mental ability and what their parents’ educational attainment. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK Communication is the way to learn the person. If he is to be deprived of the chance to communicate with others, he should have sense of identity. It is through communication that one gets the chance for affirmation of self-concept and sharing of views about a variety of things among others. People relate socially with each other through communication. Personal communication is essential for a person’s well-being. Sufficiency or absence of communication has a bearing on one’s state of physical health. For one, stress is heightened or dissipated depending on communication or lack of it and the nature of its content. So as being a two-way process, communication occurs in an orderly and systematic sequence where in human beings are able to see and hear transpires in their environment (William Schutz). These statements emphasize the importance of communication in different area of human needs. Communication is very essential because human being develops their capability to speak through interaction with others. Especially the children ages 1-5, they are great imitators. They observe the actions of their parents, brother and sister, playmates and others. They tend to discover the words by their own through observation. According to George T. Wilkins Speech is the most important of all means of communication. In the great government politics, and in the expression of our own democratic rights, speech is also most important. Good speech is essential to participate in democracy. As to the students, speech can help express their feelings. It can help through participating in classroom discussions, reciting in classroom activities and reporting assigned tasks. Effectiveness in speaking is a climb to a ladder of seven steps (Eugine E. White and Claire K. Neudelider). The quote stated that the speaker should first analyze and know the audience that will listen. In connection to the communication skills assessment, the students that have difficulties in speaking will assess by the recommendations and develop program that this study aims to achieve. For further information, communication is the KEY which unlocks all the doors to a successful and fulfilling school life experience, to getting cooperation with your students, that allows us to feel understood, for resolving conflicts between teachers and students, to let students know what your needs are and how best to meet those needs, to fewer conflicts in the classroom and in the playground, to building self-confidence and self-esteem, to feeling listened to by your students, mutual respect in the classroom, to less resistance and more cooperation, to everyone feeling safe to be themselves and to have more fun in the classroom. (http://sydney.edu.au/science/uniserve_science/projects/skills/jantrial/communication/communication.htm) . These only prove that communication is really very important in life especially in the teaching and learning process. It is the key to open the teacher and student mind and their capabilities to speak and write well. C

The education implementation in Singapore

The authorities has made the fantastic growing in instruction by making many authorities aided and private establishment for universe broad instruction. Compulsory Educations ( CE ) for all childrens who are above the age four. This pays manner for quality instruction for Singapore. The Singapore authorities accepted CE in 1999.Apart from instruction the schools provide different curricular activities for the extra accomplishments. The cosmopolitan instructions to primary and secondary degrees. CE looked important and value for Singapore circumstance. Among 45, Singapore ranked 4th in instruction system ( Progress in international reading literacy survey, 2006 ) . MOE has made enormous procedure in instruction system. The Singapore instruction is most secured state for choice instruction around the universe, the authorities ( MOE ) has introduced many new structured for instruction system and got strong repute. In 2010 the one-year budget for instruction $ 9.7 billion, over 350 schools in primary, secondary and station secondary instruction. For quality educational system Singapore has been ranked 1st.The planetary partnership with the coaction of universities from worldwide are accepted by MOE. Singapore known for universes best executing school system.The instruction system in Singapore ‘s are adopted by the MOE that leads to the Singapore to universe category instruction. ( MOE ) The vigorous third instruction will pull international pupils to obtain occupations and wealth. Top institutes like NUS and NTU has founded effectual in regional repute ( eg ; NUS was rated as one of top 5 multi disciplinary university in Asia.This two establishment has the capableness of pulling the international pupils from abroad. This indicates the large pool universities which might increase Singapore part for international pupils market. Even so the attract of full fee giving international pupils entirely in the undergraduate and professional graduate student status ( eg: MBA Programmers ) merely non in research oriented postgraduate programmes. The universe category universities that could keep recession for featuring out universe category R & A ; D, this aid in branding Singapore corresponds a Chancellor of the Exchequer instruction hub. The present universities NUS, NTU and SMU these are the cardinal university subdivision, which creates Singapore ‘s regular endowment line for regional schools and offering good international instruction. The organisation of recent educational establishment and companies has given 22,000 new occupations, in this 13,000 aspires learning related and 9,000 aspires administrative, managerial. The investing in instruction of Singapore curves set up with old ages of schooling, with return to third instruction largely higher than non third instruction. The architecture of Singapore ‘s economic system builds high value to knowledge activities. The private returns to education scopes of 6-10 % . Proposed norm of private rate to return higher instruction ( higher than secondary ) is doubled the rate.19 % to private on versus 11 % for societal rate return in higher instruction. Polytechnic instruction has accomplished rate of return than secondary instruction, the rate of return to third instruction ( polytechnic and universities ) ciphering clip series information declined for past 2o old ages. Third instruction for completed universities degree increases the pay rate by 18 % over all that is diploma and above. The rates of return university arose in 2004 while comparing 2001 except postgraduate degree. The rate of return in station alumnus pupil at maestro degree has ris en varies from 19.5 % in 2001 to 23.1 % in 2004.Doctorate degree increased for first grade and Masterss degree. The return university has increased loosely in 2004 compared to 2001.Singapore Standard educational categorization ( SSEC ) , 2000.In engineering school and university degree they achieved award in highest reserve. By the CPE ( Council for private instruction ) has regulated the private instruction sectors gifted with legislative power. The local private instruction industry helps the capacity for development. The CPE made a function in developing private instruction industries, the attack of holistic addition the overall quality for private instruction participants. Among private instruction establishment the industrial leaders and associations has created strong civilization duty. In Dec 2009 private instruction act was visualized to registration model for the overseas of private instruction sectors. The sure and good regarded private instruction sector, the rise of pupil public assistance services has made private instruction sectors increases for the international pupils. The ICPE ( Integrity, Care, Professionalism and Excellence ) this should be undertaken by staffs in CPE for the overall development of pupils. The council has developed two strategies as ERF ( Enhanced Registration Framewo rk ) and choice confidence strategy known as EduTrust.The ERF strategy undertakes the private instruction establishment supplying classs in grade and sheepskin as full clip for taking award enfranchisement, by fall ining MOE the private instruction establishment chief watercourse schools offering fulltime predatory courses.EduTrust strategy has mentioned quality in certification for the private instruction institution.The celebrated private instruction sectors have the international attached universities to the Singapore establishment. Education aims to work with industry leader and association to make a strong civilization for duty among private instruction establishments. International Students can hold good instruction quality.Cost competitory is just for pupils to acquire universe category instruction quality when comparing UK, USA and Australia.Asia pacific regional hub for third institutions.Inter cross civilization applicable for international pupils in language.Region for top states to international pupils particularly China and India.Place for safe instruction to pupils from different countries.Apart from instruction the extracurricular activities attracted more international pupils. The deficiency of quality in linguistic communication pronunciation by professors and teachers.Accommodation deficit is affordable.The private bureau quality is assurable for students.Student base on balls is complicated to private establishment and schools.By pulling international pupils the private sectors has gained, so the deficiency of quality in instruction In higher instruction the planetary market is around US $ 30billonThe pupils from Asia is 45 % by top beginning countryThere is demand in growing to Asiatic pupils for quality in education.The GDP growing per capita ( % ) in 2001-2006 is 2.4Public disbursement on instruction ( % GDP ) in 2001-2006 is 3.7The third school registration ( % gross ) in 2001-2006 is 29.8 There is an chances to international pupils to take other countries.In Singapore the international pupils from private establishment do n't hold chances that lowers the value educationThe authorities concerted selling of host states to pull international pupils ( eg: US section of province ) .Quality abroad establishment perceived here ( US, UH and Canada ) .Invention of more figure of IT companies The Singapore authorities is bettering their concern in instruction and there is a demand for quality in instruction. Many private establishments are pulverizing their sectors in instruction field with offering degree certifications valid equal to universe category instruction. Singapore is best for higher instruction in universe because more Numberss of new reaching of foreign private sectors so the quality of higher instruction going low. The Singapore authorities taking their higher instruction in measure mode. In June 2o1o the Singapore authorities MOE ( ministry of instruction ) announced an S $ 850million ( us $ 628 ) contract for the standard ict operating environment ( soe ) for all authorities and authorities aided schools The Raffless instruction corporation steped in Singapore in 1990 this corporation has achieved about 17 colleges transversally the Asia pacific- Singapore, Malaysia, India, Australia, China, hong kong, Mongolia and Thailand. In 2004 Raffless entered their concern direction instruction sectors with geting of Hartford, the Raffless made in two group of college trade names as RafflesDesign and Hartford institutes.the Raffless frequently concentrate in design classs besides this they offer diplomas and degrees.the grade certified by universities of engineering and middlesex university for Masterss also.The instruction market in Singapore is little incomparison to the regional market and it is of import for Raffless instruction corporation to develop its footmark in the part to take advantage of the turning demand for instruction in Singapore. Raffles instruction corporation has made their growing demand for instruction, they are the best private instruction organisation for Singapore.man y awards won by their pupils in international competitions in different classs in course of study activities.they are the one of developed instruction corporation in Singapore In 1993 the stansfeild school of concern had began with offering London university for external grade programmes it include the Singapore institute of commercialism at now.stansfield function in English programme to fit the pupils from the school with skilled English so the pupils can make their grade programme at Singapore institute of commerce.In Singapore 40 pupil from China are analyzing at the SIC.The stansfield is acquiring bigger in Asia at market degree.This group build up their concern schools in India, China and Vietnam this is because the pupils from Asia can easy travel between these different colleges.This establishment construction is strong and so the pupils can make their first twelvemonth in China, their 2nd in India and their 3rd in Singapore. This group needs to supply more than grade so add value by offering more abroad exposure the Asians Pacific pupils prefer Singapore for third instruction by this group. Like Singapore, our programmes are geared towards assisting kids who graduate from abroad kindergartens to be good prepared and confident when they enter into states formal school system. ‘The Crestar instruction group focal point on younger kids ‘s to different course of study activities. They are supplying the preschool instruction, infant attention and pupil betterment services. Besides this kinder land runs ELFA preschool and kid attention Centre. These three trade names, kinder land, ELFA and the Crestar larning all have overseas at now. The Crestar other preschool trade name is ELFA, which has quality for larning to all, the school speech patterns on skill footing of Chinese linguistic communication which set up in2000, this group are more than 20 Centre ‘s in China and Singapore. The Centre ‘s gives support to educational programmes such instructions like how to utilize abacus, painting or originative writing.107 Centre ‘s with half already based outside Singapore. ‘CEG ( Crestar Education Group ) ‘s strength lies in its capableness to offer assorted preschool instruction service in course of study development, teacher preparation, Centre operation, franching and auxiliary enrichment programmes ‘ The group has sustained the maximal growing degree to universe market. These three establishment are top most superior in universe category universities ( WCU ) .The WCU is a deferral Centre ‘s to put to death the universe category R & A ; D carry over cognition to industry and Chancellor of the Exchequer to educational hub. NUS ( National University Of Singapore ) and NTU ( Nan yang Technological University ) , the establishment is host and competitory universities in Singapore. These two universities made their landmark for quality instruction. These two universities attempts in instruction have made Singapore ‘s instruction system democratic in universe market. The NTU and NSU growing rate is ( CAGR ) 8.3 % over 2000-2009.The MOE adopts the instruction systems to these universities. The authorities has decided to allow NUS and NTU independently has a ability by integrating net income companies same to SMU is greater run.Both NTU and NUS is one of the best manner for passing public fund in a manner of efficient has bond for rule greater an swerability. NUS has been ranked 18th among 200 universities in world.NUS has renowned in technology and IT universities placed 9th in the study of module ranking, celebrated universities. They had 14 modules and schools offering taking classs foremost and higher grades. They are one of best establishment for the international pupils to prosecute their sheepskin and grades in Singapore NTU in 2004 by the economic expert intelligence unit they have rated best in the universe for MBA pupils by the member economic expert group ranking.NTU was among universe ‘s top 100 MBA schools, for portion clip.This is a all right establishment for making polytechnic and other diploma.NTU made their superior 9th topographic point out of 39 universities in scientific discipline and engineering schools overall all right MBA schools 2000 class in Asia. Four colleges and two autonomy establishment is organized by NTU the colleges provide undergraduate and station alumnus SMU ( Singapore direction universities ) is undertaken by the private owned establishment formed as a mixture with Wharton schools of concern in universities of Pennsylvania.The University has junctions for establishment and schools. The concern schools, station alumnuss and besides double degree classs with jurisprudence are the familiar to this establishment. The under alumnus and station alumnus are widely preferred by the pupils. The university constructing up their construction for pulling international pupils. The grade classs and the extracurricular activities paying every bit good instruction systems. The SMU is private establishment which is adopted by the MOE.The celebrated Edu Trust certification has being provided by these establishments. These made the quality instruction good in Singapore. .NTU, NSU and SMU has the argument formats for holding their ain ideas to be shared in the argument conference made by this group

SHORT ANSWER ONLY Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

SHORT ANSWER ONLY - Assignment Example Hence, he deducted the interconnection between villages, states and societies and proposed that there is a broader civilization, a â€Å"great tradition†, that is being upheld by people of various backgrounds. It is the tradition â€Å"which is consciously cultivated, refined and handed down in a formal learning situation† (Musicmall Productions Pte Ltd, 2004). One may say that this is the living culture, one which evolves depending on the environment, present conditions and needs of the society. The concept of â€Å"little tradition† was first developed by Milton Singer and Robert Redfield as a twin to the idea of the â€Å"great tradition†. It is the ways in which a culture â€Å"keeps itself going, is taken for granted and is not put under much scrutiny or deliberate refinement and improvement† (Musicmall Productions Pte Ltd, 2004). The little tradition are the manifestations of the great tradition, they can be found in the folk music, the pattern of clothing, the choice of food, children’s stories etc. The little tradition are often handed down from one generation to another and are often unquestioned because their details are so minute they are almost unrecognizable. It is the little traditions which creates distinctions between the Sephardim from the Hasidic, the European from the America, the Asian from the Chinese. Sephardim is defined by the Jewish Encyclopedia (1906) as the â€Å"descendants of the Jews who were expelled from Spain and Portugal and who settled in southern France, Italy, North Africa, Turkey, Asia Minor, Holland, England, North and South America, Germany, Denmark, Austria and Hungary. Unlike other Jews, the Sephardi practice traditions which are tinged with Spanish and Portuguese influences. For example, one of their most popular children’s play is called â€Å"El Castillo†, and they have dishes originating from Iberia such as pastel, pan de Espana, and pan de leon. During festivals, they give our dulces or dolces, a kind of

Network security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Network security - Essay Example This firm is emerging as a huge business set-up with a head office located in New York. In the past few years, TAS has got massive popularity and now it has 10 stores in the area. The staff of TAS comprises more than 500 people. In order to connect its different stores the business has implemented a wide area network (WAN). However, the internal activities are performed by using local area network (LAN), which is established by using cables and other hardware devices. The implementation of this network has brought a number of advantages and improvements to business, however; in order to run its business operations effectively the firm has implemented an effective security mechanism. The firm has mixed a wide variety of security techniques to improve its network security. In this scenario, the business uses different security techniques to ensure the maximum security of its network. This paper discusses some of the important aspects associated with its network security. ... In addition, the absence of a network security can create many security challenges for a firm for instance a competitor or a hacker can gain access to private or vital information, which can destroy the entire business or personal information related to a specific system or data loss. In this scenario, an organization can implement effective network security when its employees and staff members have knowledge of network security. In simple words, in an attempt to ensure effective network security system users must follow organization’s security guidelines (Kaminsky, 2012; Ray, 2004; Laudon & Laudon, 1999). Athlete’s Shack (TAS) makes use of a wide variety of security techniques to ensure the security of its network and business data. Some of the important techniques are outlined below: Username and Password Based Access: Each employee is provided with a username and a password which they use in order to access and use the system. For this purpose, they have an IT Centre , which is responsible for determining the access type for the organization’s employees. Firewalls A firewall can be implemented in both hardware and software format as they are designed to stop illegal access to or from a private network. In addition, firewalls stop illegal Internet users from accessing private networks connected to the Internet, in particular intranets (Indiana University, 2012; Rouse, 2007). Since the different stores of the Athlete’s Shack (TAS) are connected using the Internet so they have implemented firewalls to secure their computers and network. Antivirus Software An anti-virus program stops viruses from entering into the computer network. In this scenario, TAS is using the latest version of Avira Antivirus1 that is very

Conference Organised by Beyond Zero Campaign Assignment

Conference Organised by Beyond Zero Campaign - Assignment Example Daniel Steel was one of the speakers. He is an expert in laboratory tests especially blood test.   Therefore, he was an important speaker bearing in mind that Beyond Zero Campaign fight blood loss during childbirth. As a media personality from Sky news, He gave me chance for an interview after he was through with the speech. Steel is in his early forties and he is the C.E.O of blood test Clinix Company that is in Texas. The company involves itself in the business of blood testing. Medicine is not complete without blood analysis. When a doctor wants to check the status of your health such as to know the level of cholesterol or sugar in your body, blood testing must take place. The process usually requires needle and blood test tubes. The blood drawn from your veins into the test tubes go through testing in the laboratory by lab technicians. The biggest companies for blood testing in America are Quest and Laboratory Corporation of America. The two companies generate huge revenue and hence blood analysis is a lucrative business and steel was here not only to speak at a conference but also to drive his agenda of opening blood testing centres in Africa. â€Å"It is not expensive to test blood. It can be done fast and easily when the right tools are used†. Steel told his audience. While in the conferenc e, he had worn his working uniform to sound more convincing. He spoke systematically that everyone understood him. He started blood test Clinix Company with other medics 10 years ago at his young age of 23. Since then, the company has done well in the business and has developed many blood test methods. With only a drop or two, you discover many health conditions, whether cancer or any other. The blood centre is doing all it can to avail their blood test services to many hospitals. The idea of doing this is the help those who are far from the blood testing centre. Blood samples from the patient go from the hospital to the clinix lab. Discussions are underway for clinix to collaborate with as many hospitals as possible.  

Brian Norris Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Brian Norris - Essay Example If an organization has to achieve its business objectives, its marketing manager has to look into the market demand, to determine the feasibility of marketing strategies. The marketing manager is responsible for attuning the level, timing and composition of customer demands to achieve business objectives. On the whole, marketing management all about determining and implementing effective marketing strategies. Marketing strategies are tactics by which an organization gains a competitive edge in the marketplace. Through these strategies an organization determines how to concentrate its resources to achieve, target business objectives. If a marketing strategy has to be effective, it must do research to find out if an organizational opportunity exists in the market in which they want to do business. The factors influencing organizational opportunity are environmental opportunity, distinctive competency and success requirements. Each of these factors is to be looked into during the process of market analysis. Marking analysis is a process which includes the process of ccustomer analysis, company analysis, collaborator analysis, competitor analysis, and analysis of the industry context. These five types of analysis constitute the four C's of marketing analysis and help to answer the following questions: In order to carry ou... What are the steps to be taken to gain a competitive edge in the market 2.1 Marketing Research In order to carry out marketing analysis, marketing research must be performed to collect the data required for analysis. Marketing research involved the employment of a variety of techniques. Some techniques of market research are: Qualitative marketing research, such as focus groups - Through Qualitative research, data can be collected from a relatively small group of respondents. This data will not be analyzed using statistical techniques, but its purpose is to help to determine the elements which drive the market on a product, generate a hypothesis on such elements and enable an organization to develop quantitative research designs for determine the feasibility of entry into a particular market. The methods used in this research include in-Depth Interviews, Focus Groups and Projective Techniques. Quantitative marketing research, such as statistical surveys - Quantitative marketing research applies quantitative research techniques, to understand the trends in the current market. The major steps involved in the research process include, definition of the problem of market to be studied, designing the search criteria, collecting data, analyzing the data collected and finally writing a report on what is understood from data gathered. The number of respondents from whom data is collected can range between something like a mere 10 in number to something like 10 million. This kind of marketing research may include a hypothesis on the trends found in the market. Random sampling methods can be used to draw inferences from people, who have provided information. Experimental techniques such as test markets - Experimental research

World Trade Organization (CHINA MEASURES RELATED TO THE EXPORTATION OF Essay

World Trade Organization (CHINA MEASURES RELATED TO THE EXPORTATION OF VARIOUS RAW MATERIALS) - Essay Example This paper provides an in-depth discussion on the compatibility of China’s export strategy at hand, with articles of GATT 1994, examining the exceptions set out in Article XX of GATT 1994 and WTO jurisprudence with regard to Article XX of GATT 1994 (WTO 9). Increased transparency and uniformity with regard to the administration of trade regulations, particularly in terms of export restrictions will effectively counter such disputes in the future. The WTO appellate panel issued its report after examining complaints by the European Union, US and Mexico with regard to China’s exportation of certain raw materials. In essence, the panel’s verdict found China’s export restriction regarding its rare earth metals to be in complete violation of China’s WTO commitments. The WTO dispute centered on four forms of export restrictions that China imposed on the exportation of certain raw materials. The raw materials in question encompassed certain forms of bauxite, magnesium, silicon carbide, yellow phosphorus, zinc, manganese, coke and fluorspar. China is notably the chief producer of all the aforementioned raw materials used in the production of common items, as well as products used in the manufacture of technological appliances. The complaints contended that the imposition of export restrictions create scarcity and cause the prices of raw materials to increase within global markets. This means that Chinaâ₠¬â„¢s export restriction of raw materials primarily produced in the country gave the nation’s domestic industry substantial advantage by means of a sufficient supply, as well as low and highly stable prices for the raw materials in question. This form of restriction is, as a matter of fact, in utter contravention of WTO provisions. After China’s concurrence to the WTO, the country agreed to do away with all export taxes or duties with the exception of several products